Yes. Even though sick leave and holiday have different functions the courts have held that employees can take holiday during sick leave if they wish. So if an employee has exhausted company sick pay, they may submit a request for holiday while they are absent on sick leave and be paid holiday.

Yes. Employees cannot be forced to take holiday while they are sick and this includes where they become ill during a holiday. This means that employees who are sick during holiday leave are entitled to ask their employer to reschedule that holiday for an alternative date later in the year. This would mean that the employer would pay employees sick pay rather than holiday pay for the period during which they were ill. If sick pay is limited to SSP you may find that most employees will not report sickness if they would prefer to receive full pay (rather than just SSP). In addition, employees will still need to follow the normal rules for reporting absence, and you could include in your rules on absence that you will require confirmation from a medical practitioner of any sickness during periods of absence (e.g. a Fit Note).

Yes, but you must be able to justify your objective for doing so. Each business must look at the working patterns of the employees overall. For example, a factory employing 100 production line workers on shift patterns of 5 days out of 7 could be reasonably expected to accommodate a request to allocate a specific rest day for an employee as it should be possible to get other workers to cover those days on a rotating shift pattern. The question is whether the 'provision, criterion or practice' (PCP) may specifically disadvantage a particular group and if you can justify the reason for the PCP. For example, requiring all employees to work on Sundays irrespective of religion, could put Christians at a disadvantage because it prevents attendance at church and Sunday rest; as such this could be held to be indirect discrimination. You must be able to prove that you have a legitimate aim in applying a PCP and be able to explain and justify the PCP by showing that it was a ‘proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim'. If you can't, it is assumed that the PCP is discriminatory.

Yes. Employees will continue to accrue holiday during maternity leave. There is an argument that if, during their maternity leave, a new holiday year is started, then they may lose any leave remaining. However, this is generally now seem to be bad practice and could be seen as discrimination. Employees may want to take any outstanding holiday before their leave and/or to add any holiday to the end of their maternity leave. This can often minimise disruption. However, any holiday will be subject to the company's normal holiday booking procedures.

Strictly speaking there is no general ‘right' to time off for religious holidays, but you should be sensitive to the religious requirements of your staff. For example, although you do not need to offer them extra time off above their usual leave entitlement, you should be sympathetic to any requests to use their leave to coincide with religious festivals. You could also offer unpaid leave if this is a viable option, or allow your employee to swap shifts to attend religious festivals. If you have a legitimate business reason for refusing, you should explain this to your employee. If you do not have a good business reason, you could be open to a religious discrimination claim.

Yes. When someone goes on holiday they should receive the same pay as they would have done had they been at work. Therefore if they receive regular overtime or other regular benefits these must be taken into consideration when calculating holiday pay. Please see Holiday Pay.